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It is not the case that Blameworthiness requires that an agent possess the capacity to have acted otherwise under the same structural conditions.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
The capacity to act otherwise is likely incompatible with causal determinism; requiring it makes most people never blameworthy.
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2.
Blameworthiness can track moral reasons and character flaws independent of metaphysical freedom; capacity isn't the only relevant factor.
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3.
No empirical test can verify whether an agent possessed this capacity under identical conditions; the criterion is epistemically inaccessible.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Moral responsibility requires freedom; an agent unable to act differently lacks the control necessary for accountability.
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2.
Our practices of praise and blame presuppose agents could have done otherwise; removing this capacity undermines their justification.
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3.
Punishment is only fair when directed at those who possessed genuine alternatives; otherwise we penalize necessity, not choice.
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