Bolzano's replacement procedure presupposes that ideas have determinate, stable identity conditions that survive transplantation into new propositional contexts, a presupposition Quinean ontological relativity defeats.

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Bolzano: Bolzano refers to Bernhard Bolzano (1781–1848), an Austrian mathematician and philosopher who made important discoveries about how functions behave and how infinity works in mathematics. Though his work wasn't widely recognized during his lifetime, he's now considered a pioneer who helped lay the groundwork for modern calculus and logic. His most famous contribution is the Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem, a fundamental principle in mathematics that helps us understand continuous functions and infinite sequences.
Ontology(Carnap argues this enterprise is based on a mistake): The philosophical discipline that tries to answer hard questions about what there really is.
Quinean ontological relativity(as the philosophical idea that defeats Bolzano's assumption): A theory by philosopher Willard Quine arguing that the meaning and identity of concepts are not fixed but instead depend on the larger system of beliefs and language they're used in—so you can't just move an idea to a new context and expect it to mean the same thing.
identity conditions(Metaphysics of mental states)

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