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It is not the case that Brad Hooker's canonical formulation of rule consequentialism uses internalization by the majority, not universal permission, as the relevant test case.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
Majority internalization introduces arbitrary cutoff problems: why majority rather than 75% or 90%? No principled answer exists.
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2.
Rule consequentialist justification requires showing rules maximize consequences generally, not merely when most people follow them.
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3.
Hooker's own texts remain ambiguous about whether internalization or consequences-maximization is the ultimate criterion.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Hooker explicitly argues internalization by the majority better captures real-world moral practice than universal permission tests.
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2.
Majority internalization avoids implausible demands that universal adoption would create for rare, context-dependent rules.
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3.
This formulation pragmatically aligns rule consequentialism with social stability and actual human psychological capacities.
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