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It is not the case that Butler did not hold that resentment is a response to injury that is incompatible with good-will and therefore forgiveness.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
Butler actually says that forgiveness is perfectly compatible with an attitude of resentment.
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2.
Butler held that resentment serves the public good and is compatible with the general obligation to good-will.
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3.
Butler describes resentment as both 'natural' and 'innocent'.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against 1 of 2
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1.
Butler distinguishes 'settled anger' (malice) from immediate resentment, treating only the former as incompatible with benevolence.
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2.
In Sermon IX, Butler explicitly frames forgiveness as the forswearing of revenge, not the elimination of resentment as a felt response.
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3.
This distinction entails that resentment and good-will can coexist, making resentment structurally compatible with forgiveness on Butler's account.
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Reason against 2 of 2
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1.
Butler grounds resentment in a retributive moral economy where it signals the moral significance of persons, not a breakdown of goodwill.
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2.
Jeffrie Murphy's neo-Butlerian reading confirms that resentment honors self-respect and moral law, functioning independently of ill-will toward the wrongdoer.
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