Carnap's analytic-synthetic distinction, which underpins his formalism, was fatally undermined by Quine's 'Two Dogmas of Empiricism', removing the boundary between formal and empirical content.
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Willard Van Orman Quine(originator of the underdetermination thesis)
An influential 20th-century American philosopher who argued that scientific theories are never uniquely determined by evidence—multiple different theories could explain the same observations.
empirical content(Used by Popper to equate informational richness with falsifiability.)
The amount of empirical information conveyed by a theory.
empiricism(Used in discussing what cannot explain false belief in Theaetetus 187–201)
Either a developed philosophical theory or the instinctive empiricism of some people's common sense
formalism(Applied as a critique of both metaphysics and the sciences in Horkheimer's later work)
The logical practice of relating facts to concepts in terms of the relation of classes to instances, accomplished by simple deduction, resulting in static universals into which all particulars can be neatly placed