Cases like recorded speech and written texts demonstrate that 'now' can successfully refer to a time neither of production nor of evaluation, requiring richer indexical machinery than a two-coordinate index.

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Refer/reference(both uses of 'this' refer to (point to) the same ship, even though they point at different parts): When a word or phrase points to or stands for something in the real world.
coordinate index(in formal semantics and philosophy of language): A system that tracks different pieces of information needed to figure out what a word means—like tracking both 'who is speaking' and 'when are they speaking.'
indexical(Used to explain how 'the second-largest city in the United States' can refer to Chicago when embedded under a past-tense temporal operator): An expression whose reference depends on the context of utterance
time of evaluation(in philosophy of language and logic): The moment when we're figuring out whether a statement is true or what it means—which might be different from when it was made.

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