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It is not the case that Classical non-standard analysis already permits neglecting higher-order infinitesimals via the standard part function without logical inconsistency.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
The standard part function itself requires appeal to classical completeness axioms, making NSA dependent on classical logic rather than independent.
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2.
Neglecting higher-order infinitesimals via the standard part assumes a hidden ordering principle that lacks explicit justification within NSA's axioms.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
The standard part function provides a rigorous mapping from hyperreals to reals, formally justifying infinitesimal neglect without contradiction.
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2.
Keisler's elementary calculus demonstrates that NSA computations yield identical results to classical analysis, validating the infinitesimal approach.
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3.
Higher-order infinitesimals (ε², ε³, etc.) are logically subordinate to first-order ones; their omission reflects a principled hierarchy, not inconsistency.
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