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    Clifford's evidentialism presupposes that all beliefs are... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Anyone who believes a proposition that they do not take to be more likely than not is thereby acting immorally.

    Clifford's evidentialism presupposes that all beliefs are subject to the same epistemic norms, but first-person practical commitments (e.g., trusting a loved one) occupy a distinct normative domain from third-person theoretical inquiry.

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    Key Terms

    Clifford(as a philosopher being referenced)
    William Kingdon Clifford was a 19th-century philosopher who argued that it's morally wrong to believe anything without sufficient evidence—basically, you shouldn't believe claims just because you want to.
    Epistemic norms(as standards that apply to beliefs)
    Rules or standards for what makes a belief reasonable or justified—basically, guidelines for how we *should* believe things.
    First-person practical commitments(as a category of beliefs distinct from abstract inquiry)
    Personal decisions and promises you make in your own life—like choosing to trust someone—where you're directly involved and have skin in the game.
    Normative domain(as distinct areas with different standards)
    A separate realm or category that has its own rules about what's right or acceptable—here meaning that practical trust relationships follow different rules than scientific investigation.

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    Third-person theoretical inquiry(as a category of beliefs distinct from practical commitments)
    Objective, detached study where you're investigating facts about the world from the outside, not personally involved—like a scientist studying how plants grow.
    evidentialism(Used as the standard that theistic philosophers may grant and then attempt to satisfy)
    The epistemic position that belief in God (or any proposition) requires adequate evidence or argument to be justified

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    Truth & Knowledge1 linkedMoral Responsibility1 linked

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    Anyone who believes a proposition that they do not take to be more likely than n...

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