Cognitive science establishes that perceptual processing involves massive unconscious inference, as Helmholtz demonstrated, which never surfaces as consciously accessible representations.

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Cognitive science(as the field providing research evidence in the statement): The scientific study of how the mind works—including how we think, learn, remember, and process information—by combining insights from psychology, neuroscience, and computer science.
Consciously accessible representations(as experiences that DO NOT surface from unconscious perception): Mental information or images that you can actively think about and become aware of; the things your mind can deliberately access and examine.
Helmholtz: Helmholtz refers to Hermann von Helmholtz, a 19th-century German physician and physicist who made groundbreaking discoveries about how the human body and energy work. He's famous for establishing the principle of energy conservation—the idea that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another—which became fundamental to modern physics and biology. His work helped explain everything from how our eyes see to how heat and motion relate to each other, making him one of the most influential scientists of his era.
Perceptual processing

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