Compensating for unchosen factors conflates the separateness of persons with aggregate welfare, violating the Kantian constraint against using individuals as mere means to collective equalization.

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Aggregate welfare(what consequentialist ethics prioritizes (competing with agent-relative restrictions)): The total well-being or happiness of everyone combined, added up together as one sum.
Compensating for unchosen factors(as used in justice and fairness theory): Giving extra help or resources to people because of circumstances they were born into and couldn't control (like their family's wealth or health), rather than choices they made themselves.
Immanuel Kant(as the originator of this concept): An 18th-century German philosopher who developed major ideas about ethics, reasoning, and how we understand the world; he's famous for arguing that morality is based on universal rules that apply to everyone equally.
Kantian constraint(as used in ethics, referring to Kant's moral philosophy): A rule or principle based on Immanuel Kant's philosophy that says you should never treat people as tools to achieve your goals—they deserve respect as individuals with their own purposes.

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