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    Conflating the probability of constraint with constraint ... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→People subject to arbitrary power are less free in the negative sense even if they do not actually suffer interference.

    Conflating the probability of constraint with constraint itself smuggles a consequentialist metric into a concept that Berlin explicitly defined in terms of present, actual barriers.

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    Key Terms

    Berlin(the philosopher being critiqued)
    Isaiah Berlin was a 20th-century philosopher and historian of ideas known for arguing that we should understand historical figures based on how they saw their own world, not how we see it today.
    Conflating
    Conflating means mixing together or treating two different things as if they were the same thing, when they're actually distinct. It's a logical error where someone blurs important differences between concepts, ideas, or situations to make an argument seem stronger than it is. For example, conflating "being critical of a policy" with "being disloyal to your country" wrongly equates two separate things.
    Consequentialist metric(what critics argue gets illegitimately introduced into the concept of freedom)
    A way of measuring or evaluating something based on what results or outcomes it produces, rather than what it actually is in the present moment.
    Probability of constraint(contrasted with constraint itself)
    How likely it is that something will limit or prevent your choices, rather than the actual limitation itself.

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    consequentialism(Applied to terrorism and legal punishment)
    The view that practices are judged solely by their consequences, such that a practice is wrong only if it has bad consequences on balance.
    constraint(canonical formulations of general relativity and electromagnetism)
    A condition encoding the fact that canonical variables cannot be specified independently of one another.

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    People subject to arbitrary power are less free in the negative sense even if th...

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