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    Conflating the semantic role of circumstances in determin... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→The reference of an expression must be relativized to both a context of utterance and a circumstance of evaluation, not just a context of utterance alone.

    Conflating the semantic role of circumstances in determining truth-conditions with the role of context in determining reference commits a category error that the two-dimensional framework itself was designed to prevent.

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    Key Terms

    Category error(as used in logic and philosophy of language)
    A logical mistake where you apply a rule or concept to something it doesn't actually fit, like using a math formula on a poem.
    Semantic role(in philosophy of language)
    The job that something does in determining what words or sentences actually mean.
    Two-dimensional framework(as Chalmers' theoretical approach to understanding language and concepts)
    A way of analyzing meaning by looking at it from two different angles: what something means in the actual world, and what it means in hypothetical or imagined scenarios.
    context(Used in the Kaplanian framework to distinguish the circumstance of utterance from the content expressed)
    A situation of utterance that supplies parameters (such as the speaker) used to determine the content of context-sensitive expressions.

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    reference(Distinguished from intension in the context of possible worlds semantics)
    The actual-world referent of an expression; what the expression picks out in the actual world.
    truth-conditions(Used to characterize views of meaning that the passage argues should be rejected.)
    The conditions under which a sentence or statement is true, which truth-conditional theories identify with sentence meaning.

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