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    Counterfactuals of creaturely freedom (what free agents w... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Luis de Molina's scientia media allows God to actualize worlds where free creatures behave in ways God fully anticipates, without causally determining those choices.

    Counterfactuals of creaturely freedom (what free agents would do in any circumstance) lack determinate truth values independent of causal facts, making God's knowledge of them incoherent.

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    Key Terms

    Causal facts
    True statements about what causes what—facts about which events or things make other things happen.
    Creaturely freedom(theology and philosophy of free will)
    The ability of created beings (like humans) to make genuine choices that aren't forced or predetermined by God or anything else.
    Determinate truth values(as what the argument says future contingents might lack)
    The idea that a statement is definitely either true or definitely false right now, with no in-between. A determinate truth value means there's a clear answer.
    Free agents(who perform contingent actions)
    People who have the ability to make genuine choices and aren't completely controlled by forces outside their control.
    God's omniscience / God's knowledge(in theology and philosophy of religion)

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    The theological claim that God knows everything, including all facts past, present, and future—which raises the problem: how can God know what free people will choose if they're truly free?
    Incoherent(describing whether moral responsibility can exist)
    Logically impossible or contradictory; something that cannot make sense or cannot exist at the same time as something else.
    counterfactuals(as used in logic and philosophy of free will (related to 'subjunctives of freedom'))
    Statements about what *would* happen in situations that aren't actually happening—'if I had studied harder, I would have passed the test' is a counterfactual about a situation that didn't occur.
    knowledge(Distinguished from mere true belief, which may be the product of indoctrination and need not exercise deliberative capacities.)
    Justified true belief — true belief that has been arrived at through the exercise of deliberative capacities, including comparison of and deliberation among alternatives.

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    Luis de Molina's scientia media allows God to actualize worlds where free creatu...

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    Luis de Molina's scientia media allows God to actualize worlds where free creatu...

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