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It is not the case that Cross-cultural studies (e.g., Darley & Shulman) show restorative rather than retributive intuitions dominate in many non-Western societies.
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1.
Self-report surveys may conflate abstract ideals with actual justice practices; stated preferences don't reflect actual behavior.
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2.
Non-Western societies often enforce harsh punishments for moral violations, suggesting retributive intuitions are equally present.
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3.
Darley & Shultz's research methodology has limited sample sizes and may not represent diverse populations within those societies.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Ubuntu philosophy and similar non-Western traditions emphasize community healing and offender reintegration over punishment.
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2.
Empirical studies show restorative justice programs reduce recidivism and victim trauma better than retributive systems.
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3.
Western retributive dominance reflects particular historical conditions, not universal human moral intuitions.
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