Davidson's claim that beliefs and desires are necessary thus presupposes the falsity of agent causation rather than establishing it, making the argument question-begging against libertarian traditions.

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Agent causation(Emphasized in Aquinas's later work, per Montagnes): The active transmission of properties from God to creatures.
Beliefs and desires(as properties that would distinguish a conscious entity from a mere machine): Mental states that characterize a thinking being—beliefs are things you think are true, and desires are things you want to happen or have.
Davidson: # Davidson Davidson most commonly refers to **Donald Davidson** (1917-2003), an influential American philosopher known for his work on the philosophy of mind and language. He developed important theories about how our thoughts connect to the physical world and how we understand meaning in language and communication. His ideas have shaped modern philosophy by challenging the view that the mind is completely separate from physical reality.
Libertarian traditions (in philosophy)(the philosophical traditions that Davidson's argument is allegedly unfair to): Philosophical views that emphasize human free will and the ability to make choices that aren't determined by prior causes (note: different from political libertarianism).

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