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It is not the case that Democratic citizenship is constituted by procedural rights and legal standing, not by psychological wholeness or developmental conditions.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
Procedural participation itself requires basic capacities—attention, reasoning, understanding consequences—that developmental conditions can undermine.
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2.
Meaningful democratic citizenship involves not just voting but deliberation, which presupposes cognitive and emotional capacities that vary developmentally.
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3.
Ignoring psychological prerequisites abandons the possibility of supporting people in developing fuller participation, conflating exclusion with neutrality.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Tying citizenship rights to psychological states creates opportunities for arbitrary exclusion based on subjective assessments of mental fitness.
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2.
Historical precedent shows developmental or psychological criteria have been weaponized to deny rights to marginalized groups and minorities.
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3.
Procedural rights protect everyone equally without requiring officials to judge interior mental conditions, which are difficult to measure objectively.
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