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    LoyalLoyalJusticeJustice
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    Desert and entitlement are created by events in the past,... — Carmelics
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    Supports→Backward-looking reasons for adopting rules cannot count as genuine justifications within utilitarianism.

    Desert and entitlement are created by events in the past, making them backward-looking reasons.

    Justice & Punishment
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    Justice & Punishment

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    The third and final difficulty stems from utilitarianism’s thoroughgoing consequentialism. Rules are assessed strictly in the light of the consequences of adopting then, not in terms of their intrinsic properties. Of course, when agents follow rules, they are meant to do what the rule requires rather than to calculate consequences directly. But for a utilitarian, it is never going to be a good reason for adopting a rule that it will give people what they deserve or what they are entitled to, whe

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