Dignāga's apoha theory and the Nyāya realist tradition both argue that determinate spatio-temporal content presupposes a real structural feature of the world that anchors such representations.

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Apoha theory(as the specific theory being explained): Dharmakirti's idea that words and thoughts work by excluding or ruling out what something is NOT, rather than by directly pointing to shared features of a group.
Determinate spatio-temporal content(as the subject of the debate): Thoughts or representations that have a specific, definite location in space and time—basically, ideas that are about particular things in particular places at particular moments.
Dignāga(as the main philosopher being discussed): A Buddhist philosopher from around 480-540 CE who made major contributions to how we know things are true, particularly focusing on perception and reasoning.
Nyāya(as the philosophical tradition being discussed): An ancient Indian school of philosophy that developed detailed rules for logical reasoning and argumentation, similar to how Western philosophy has formal logic.

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