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    Direct realist epistemologies, defended by Reid, Moore, a... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→From the standpoint of epistemology or transcendental phenomenology, the existence and knowledge of a mind-independent world cannot be established.

    Direct realist epistemologies, defended by Reid, Moore, and Pryor, ground knowledge of mind-independent objects in non-inferential perceptual warrant.

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    1 reason for
    1 reason against

    Reasons For

    1 perspective
    Reason for
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    • 1.Perceptual experience has intrinsic presentational content that makes objects appear directly to consciousness without inference.
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    • 2.Foundationalism requires some non-inferential warranted beliefs; perceptual knowledge provides the most plausible candidate.
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    • 3.The alternatives (idealism, skepticism, representationalism) create more philosophical problems than direct realism solves.
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    Reasons Against

    1 perspective
    Reason against
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    • 1.Perceptual illusions and hallucinations show perception can misrepresent; this undermines claims of direct, non-inferential warrant.
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    • 2.Cognitive psychology demonstrates perception involves extensive unconscious inference; 'non-inferential' warrant is theoretically incoherent.
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    • 3.Direct realism cannot explain how the same proximal stimulus produces different perceptions across individuals and contexts.
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    Key Terms

    knowledge(Distinguished from mere true belief, which may be the product of indoctrination and need not exercise deliberative capacities.)
    Justified true belief — true belief that has been arrived at through the exercise of deliberative capacities, including comparison of and deliberation among alternatives.

    Connections

    2 topics

    Consciousness & Mind1 linkedSkepticism1 linked

    Related

    Cognitive psychology demonstrates perception involves extensive unconscious infe...Direct realism cannot explain how the same proximal stimulus produces different ...Foundationalism requires some non-inferential warranted beliefs; perceptual know...From the standpoint of epistemology or transcendental phenomenology, the existen...
    +3 moreShow less
    Perceptual experience has intrinsic presentational content that makes objects ap...Perceptual illusions and hallucinations show perception can misrepresent; this u...

    Details

    Type
    claim
    Perspectives
    2 (1 for, 1 against)
    Edits
    1 edit
    The alternatives (idealism, skepticism, representationalism) create more philoso...