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    It is not the case that Diseases do not become more objectively defined entities by receiving a genetic basis.

    ?Set your confidence on the premises below to see your aggregate.

    Reasons For

    1 perspective
    Reason for
    ?
    • 1.Social and cultural values are already implicated in designations of health and disease.
      ?

      Think about whether this reason is strong or weak

    • 2.These values can be incorporated at the level of the genome, in what counts as a normal versus mutant gene.
      ?

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    • 3.If social values determine what counts as a mutant gene, then genetic definitions of disease inherit the same value-ladenness as organismal definitions.
      ?

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    Reasons Against

    2 perspectives
    Reason against 1 of 2
    ?
    • 1.Genetic variants exist on a continuous population distribution, making any threshold between 'normal' and 'pathological' alleles a normative stipulation.
      ?

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    • 2.Christopher Boorse's biostatistical theory requires species-typical functioning, but 'typical' at the genetic level varies by population, ancestry, and environment.
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    • 3.A definition that requires external reference classes to fix its extension cannot be more objective than the organismal-level definition it was meant to ground.
      ?

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    Reason against 2 of 2
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    • 1.The same genotype produces different phenotypes across environments, so the gene alone underdetermines the disease state without value-laden contextual judgments.
      ?

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    • 2.Lenny Moss's distinction between 'Gene-P' and 'Gene-D' shows that disease-predictive genetic concepts are defined by their phenotypic endpoints, not intrinsic molecular properties.
      ?

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