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    Divine attributes (justice, mercy, knowledge) appear func... — Carmelics
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    Supports→Aquinas's own distinction between God's esse and his essentia in creatures presupposes a conceptual framework of real distinctions that, when consistently applied, undermines the claim that God's attributes admit no real distinction.

    Divine attributes (justice, mercy, knowledge) appear functionally distinct in revelation and theological discourse, suggesting ontological rather than merely conceptual difference.

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    Key Terms

    Conceptual difference(in epistemology and metaphysics)
    A distinction that exists only in how we think about or describe something, not in the thing itself.
    Functionally distinct(as used in philosophy of mind)
    Systems that do different jobs or serve different purposes, even if they might look similar or use the same physical parts.
    Ontological
    "Ontological" refers to questions about what actually exists or is real. It's concerned with the fundamental nature of being—asking "What kinds of things are there?" rather than "How do we know about them?" For example, an ontological question might be whether numbers, ideas, or God actually exist as real things, or if they're just human inventions.
    Theological discourse(as another form of divine communication)
    Formal discussion, writing, or arguments about God, religion, and divine matters.
    divine attributes

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    (as used in philosophy of religion)
    Qualities or characteristics traditionally said to belong to God, such as being all-knowing, all-powerful, or loving.
    knowledge(Distinguished from mere true belief, which may be the product of indoctrination and need not exercise deliberative capacities.)
    Justified true belief — true belief that has been arrived at through the exercise of deliberative capacities, including comparison of and deliberation among alternatives.
    revelation(Crescas's epistemology; contrasted with philosophical inquiry)
    God's disclosure of true beliefs to human beings that human speculation and philosophy alone cannot discover.

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    Aquinas's own distinction between God's esse and his essentia in creatures presu...

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    Aquinas's own distinction between God's esse and his essentia in creatures presu...

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