- Scotus(The philosopher whose reasoning is being analyzed)
- A medieval philosopher (John Duns Scotus, 1266-1308) known for his detailed logical arguments about God, free will, and how things exist.
- divine attributes(as used in philosophy of religion)
- Qualities or characteristics traditionally said to belong to God, such as being all-knowing, all-powerful, or loving.
- divine simplicity(Central to both Malebranche's theodicy and his epistemology)
- A divine attribute functioning as a side constraint on God's actions, requiring God to act through simple means.
- essence(Medieval realist metaphysics)
- The defining nature of a species, held by some to be distinct from and capable of surviving the destruction of all individual members of that species
- existence(Kant's analysis in the Critique of Pure Reason as applied to the ontological argument)
- Not a real predicate or positive determination; it does not add to or enlarge the concept of a subject.
- formal distinction(Scotus's account of the relationship between nature and haecceity in a particular)
- A distinction between inseparable features that are nonetheless not identical — neither really distinct nor merely conceptually distinct
- unintelligible(as describing what would happen to Baumgarten's theory without this distinction)
- Impossible to understand or make sense of; completely unclear or contradictory.