Dupré's promiscuous realism holds that natural kind membership is interest-relative and cross-cuts biological taxonomy, so no single classificatory level yields strict modal necessities.
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Interest-relative(describing how natural kind boundaries work according to Dupré)
Depending on what humans care about or find useful rather than on objective facts about the world.
Modal (in philosophy)(the philosophical study of necessity and possibility)
Relating to what is necessary (must be true), possible (could be true), or contingent (might or might not be true).
Modal necessities(what Dupré says we cannot derive from classification)
Properties that something *must* have in all possible situations; unchangeable truths about what something is.
natural kind(Used to argue that schizophrenia fails to qualify because it is a heterogeneous conjunction of distinct pathologies, not a unified entity)
A category that carves nature at its joints — a real, unified class of phenomena sharing a common underlying nature or pathology
promiscuous realism(Dupré 1996)
The view that as knowledge grows and practical interests shift, classifications can multiply and even cross-classify the same kinds, and this is acceptable so long as the kinds do the predictive or explanatory work intended for them in the context intended