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It is not the case that Durkheim and Parsons document societies where collective moral beliefs function as genuine norms through socialization alone.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
Socialization always operates alongside implicit coercion: social exclusion, shame, and resource denial enforce compliance independently.
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2.
Durkheim and Parsons ignore how power imbalances and institutional structures shape which beliefs get defined as 'collective moral norms.'
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3.
Widespread moral deviance and criminal behavior persist despite intensive socialization, suggesting socialization alone is insufficient.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Empirical studies show children internalize moral norms through repeated social interaction without explicit coercion or incentives.
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2.
Pre-industrial societies maintained stable moral orders for centuries using primarily socialization mechanisms, not legal enforcement.
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3.
Cross-cultural research documents similar moral prohibitions (murder, theft, deception) emerging from socialization alone across diverse contexts.
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