Early and late selection theories make distinct, empirically distinguishable predictions about when stimulus features influence perceptual processing, independent of linearity assumptions.

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Empirically distinguishable predictions(in scientific philosophy and research methodology): Predictions that can be tested and proven different through real-world experiments and observation, rather than just logic alone.
Late selection theory(in cognitive psychology and philosophy of mind): A competing theory suggesting that your brain processes most of what you perceive first, then filters and selects what to pay attention to afterward—the opposite of early selection.
Linearity assumptions(in scientific methodology and statistics): The assumption that things work in a simple, straightforward cause-and-effect way, where if you increase one thing, another increases at a constant rate.
Perceptual processing(in cognitive psychology): The mental work your brain does to make sense of information coming through your senses—taking raw sensory data and turning it into meaningful experience.

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