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    Eleonore Stump and Norman Kretzmann's ET-simultaneity rel... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→God and all spatial things share a reference frame—the reference frame of eternity—in which nothing changes and all events are simultaneous, including God's actions and their effects.

    Eleonore Stump and Norman Kretzmann's ET-simultaneity relation, designed to bridge this gap, has been shown by critics like Paul Fitzgerald to be non-transitive and thus not a genuine equivalence relation.

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    Key Terms

    ET-simultaneity(as the main concept being evaluated)
    A technical concept (standing for 'eternal-temporal simultaneity') that attempts to explain how God, who exists outside of time, can be simultaneous with events that happen in time.
    Eleonore Stump(as a philosopher developing the ET-simultaneity relation)
    A contemporary American philosopher who specializes in medieval philosophy, logic, and philosophy of religion, and who works on problems about time and God's knowledge.
    Equivalence relation(One of the three conditions in the inconsistent triad)
    A relation that is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive; identity relations are standardly taken to be equivalence relations.
    Non-transitive(describing how similarities work in family resemblance)
    A logical property where if A is related to B, and B is related to C, it doesn't automatically mean A is related to C; for example, 'is a friend of' is non-transitive because your friend's friend isn't necessarily your friend.

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    Norman Kretzmann(as a philosopher referenced for his analysis of divine knowledge)
    A medieval philosophy scholar who wrote extensively about how God's knowledge works, particularly focusing on the puzzle of how an all-knowing God can exist outside of time.
    Paul Fitzgerald(as a critic who identified flaws in the ET-simultaneity relation)
    A philosopher and critic of Stump and Kretzmann's work who argued that their ET-simultaneity concept has logical problems.

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    God and all spatial things share a reference frame—the reference frame of eterni...

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