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    Emotional expressions and physical demonstrations are not... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Non-traditional modes of arguing (emotional expressions, physical demonstrations, intuitions) can be legitimate premises in arguments

    Emotional expressions and physical demonstrations are not truth-apt; they neither assert nor deny propositional content.

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    Reasons For

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    • 1.Truth-aptness requires propositional form: assertions that can be true or false. A scream or gesture lacks this logical structure.
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    • 2.Emotional expressions succeed or fail based on sincerity and appropriate social fit, not correspondence with facts.
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    • 3.Two people can have identical emotional expressions yet different underlying beliefs, showing expressions don't encode propositions.
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    Reasons Against

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    Reason against
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    • 1.A teary farewell implicitly asserts 'I am sad to leave'—a claim about one's mental state that can be sincere or deceptive.
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    • 2.Some physical demonstrations carry propositional force: a clenched fist asserts defiance; nodding asserts agreement about facts.
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    • 3.If expressions make no claims, they cannot be criticized as dishonest or misleading—yet we routinely hold people accountable for false expressions.
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    Related

    A teary farewell implicitly asserts 'I am sad to leave'—a claim about one's ment...Emotional expressions succeed or fail based on sincerity and appropriate social ...If expressions make no claims, they cannot be criticized as dishonest or mislead...Non-traditional modes of arguing (emotional expressions, physical demonstrations...
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    Some physical demonstrations carry propositional force: a clenched fist asserts ...Truth-aptness requires propositional form: assertions that can be true or false....Two people can have identical emotional expressions yet different underlying bel...

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