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    Endurantism's 'wholly present' relation presupposes a pri... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Eternalism and endurantism can be combined coherently

    Endurantism's 'wholly present' relation presupposes a privileged present that eternalism structurally eliminates, making the combination incoherent at the level of foundational ontology, as Sider argues in 'Four-Dimensionalism'.

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    Key Terms

    Endurantism(Contrasted with views that posit temporal parts)
    The view that things are wholly present whenever they exist
    Foundational ontology(in metaphysics)
    The basic, most fundamental level of understanding what exists—the ground level of reality that everything else depends on.
    Incoherent(describing whether moral responsibility can exist)
    Logically impossible or contradictory; something that cannot make sense or cannot exist at the same time as something else.
    Ontology(Carnap argues this enterprise is based on a mistake)
    The philosophical discipline that tries to answer hard questions about what there really is.
    Privileged present(in philosophy of time)

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    The assumption that the current moment ('now') is special or objectively real in a way that past and future moments are not.
    Ted Sider(as a key philosopher cited in this debate)
    A contemporary American philosopher known for developing and defending four-dimensionalism, a theory about how objects exist in time.
    eternalism(Philosophy of language / truth-conditional semantics)
    The negation of temporalism; the view that propositions do not vary in truth-value across times.
    four-dimensionalism(metaphysics of identity and time)
    The philosophical view that objects (including people) are made up of temporal parts or stages, just like a physical object has spatial parts; you exist across time like a movie reel exists as many frames.
    wholly present(Described as the implicit rationale behind ordinary concepts of objects, contrasted with the perdurantist view that objects have temporal parts.)
    An object is wholly present at a time if the entire object, not merely a temporal stage or part of it, exists at that time.

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    Modality & Possibility1 linkedPersonal Identity1 linked

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    Eternalism and endurantism can be combined coherently

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