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It is not the case that Enlightenment audiences increasingly regarded Olympian gods as mythological fictions rather than genuine causal agents in the world.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
Many Enlightenment figures (Voltaire, Diderot) retained deist beliefs, suggesting incomplete secularization of thought about divine causation.
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2.
Popular belief in magical and supernatural causes persisted across 18th-century Europe despite elite intellectual shifts toward naturalism.
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3.
Religious institutions defending traditional theology actively resisted mythological reinterpretation, maintaining competing causal frameworks.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Scientific advances in mechanics and physics explained natural phenomena without divine intervention, reducing explanatory need for gods.
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2.
Enlightenment thinkers applied textual criticism to classical sources, revealing internal contradictions and anachronisms in mythological accounts.
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3.
Comparative religious study showed Greek myths paralleled other cultures' stories, suggesting cultural construction rather than literal truth.
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