Essentialism about species remains defensible if essential properties are understood as population-level statistical norms rather than universal necessary conditions for each member.
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Describing something that happens to a whole group of organisms, not to individual organisms one at a time.
species(Bacon's multiplicatio specierum theory adapted to epistemology by Crathorn)
A representative likeness of an external thing, transmitted causally through a medium; in Crathorn's usage, a material mental quality in the mind that has the same nature as the external thing it represents.