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Every donkey is a man — Carmelics

Statements: 321,452
Perspectives: 108,905
Topics: 42

Home/Philosophy of Language

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Every donkey is a man

Philosophy of Language

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1 reason for

2 reasons against

Reasons For

1 perspective

Reason for

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1.Only a man is a donkey
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2.An exclusive proposition and a universal proposition with transposed terms signify the same thing and are convertible
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Reasons Against

2 perspectives

Reason against 1 of 2

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1.Exclusive propositions ('only A is B') restrict predication asymmetrically, not symmetrically across subject and predicate terms.
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2.The conversion of 'Only a man is a donkey' yields 'Every donkey is a man' only if donkeys exist, but the original proposition is true in a vacuously empty domain of donkeys.
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3.Buridan and Ockham distinguished syncategorematic terms like 'only' as altering suppositional range, blocking simple conversion of exclusives into universals.
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Reason against 2 of 2

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1.The material supposition of 'donkey' and 'man' in universal propositions requires actual referents for truth, not merely formal equivalence of propositional structure.
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2.Peter of Spain's doctrine of supposition entails that 'every donkey is a man' makes a positive existential commitment that 'only a man is a donkey' does not share.
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Philosophy of Language

Related

An exclusive proposition and a universal proposition with transposed terms signi...Buridan and Ockham distinguished syncategorematic terms like 'only' as altering ...Exclusive propositions ('only A is B') restrict predication asymmetrically, not ...Only a man is a donkey

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Peter of Spain's doctrine of supposition entails that 'every donkey is a man' ma...The conversion of 'Only a man is a donkey' yields 'Every donkey is a man' only i...The material supposition of 'donkey' and 'man' in universal propositions require...

Similar

Only a man is a donkey96%Socrates is a man79%Proper names like 'Brownie' and 'Tawny' apply to donkeys, not men79%The inference 'Only a man is a donkey, therefore every donkey is a man...79%

Source

AI-extracted1/3 agreementValid

SEP: consequence-medieval

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Thus, according to Ockham, formal consequences are those that hold in virtue of middles, be they intrinsic or extrinsic. A consequence holds immediately in virtue of an intrinsic middle when it holds in virtue of the truth of a different sentence formed from its terms. For example, ‘Socrates is not running, therefore a man is not running’ holds in virtue of this middle: ‘Socrates is a man’, since if ‘Socrates is a man’ is not true, the consequence does not hold. These are typically enthymematic

Extraction notes

Validity: Extracted via Max plan + API grounding/validity checks

Details

Type: claim
Perspectives: 3 (1 for, 2 against)
Edits: 1 edit