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It is not the case that Excluding agents from moral freedom entirely based on diminished rationality conflates impaired agency with the complete absence of agency.
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Reasons For
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1.
The claim equivocates 'moral freedom' with 'some moral agency'; these are distinct—agents might retain limited agency while lacking full moral freedom.
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2.
Rationality is not merely one factor among many; it's constitutive of the kind of deliberative agency required for genuine moral freedom and accountability.
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3.
Protecting vulnerable agents by limiting their moral freedom in certain contexts doesn't conflate impairment with absence—it reflects graduated responsibility.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Agency exists on a spectrum; diminished rationality reduces but doesn't eliminate an agent's capacity for intentional action and preference expression.
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2.
Moral responsibility requires some threshold of agency, not perfect rationality; many morally responsible adults have significant cognitive limitations.
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3.
Excluding agents entirely from moral freedom based on one cognitive deficit ignores their abilities in other domains and denies their autonomy unnecessarily.
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