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    Expected utility can be formulated at multiple levels of ... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Evaluating decisions by expected utility collapses the distinction between a decision procedure and a criterion of rightness, a conflation Parfit and Railton both identify as a serious error.

    Expected utility can be formulated at multiple levels of abstraction (act-level, rule-level, character-level), so the procedure/criterion distinction may be illusory rather than fundamental.

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    Key Terms

    Act-level(in ethical evaluation)
    Focusing on the individual choices and actions you make right now—asking whether *this specific action* is the right thing to do.
    Character-level(in ethical evaluation)
    Focusing on the kind of person you are and the virtues you develop—asking what qualities and habits a good person should have, rather than judging individual acts or rules.
    Levels of abstraction(in ethics theory)
    Different ways of looking at something, ranging from very specific details to broader, more general patterns—like zooming out on a map to see the bigger picture.
    Procedure/criterion distinction(in ethics theory)
    The difference between *how* you make a decision (the procedure) and *what* you're trying to achieve with that decision (the standard or criterion for success).

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    Rule-level(in ethical evaluation)
    Focusing on general principles or rules that guide behavior—asking whether following *this rule* leads to good outcomes, rather than judging each action separately.
    expected utility(Cited as a domain where aggregated probabilities play a key role)
    A calculation that aggregates probability-weighted outcomes to determine the overall value of a decision

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