Fine's work on arbitrary objects and Wiggins's mereological essentialism jointly entail that objects with identical proper parts cannot be numerically distinct under standard extensional mereology.

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David Wiggins(as a modern philosopher cited for his work on virtue ethics): A British philosopher known for his work on metaphysics, logic, and ethics, including interpretations of Aristotelian philosophy.
Entail(In logical reasoning and argumentation): To logically follow or guarantee as a necessary consequence; if something is true, what does it force to also be true?
Extensional mereology(Formal mereology, Goodman (1951)): A mereological system in which overlap ('O') can serve as a primitive from which parthood ('P') is defined, and in which objects with the same parts are identical
Kit Fine(as a philosopher referenced for his views on concreteness): A contemporary philosopher who studies metaphysics (the nature of reality) and has written extensively about what makes something real or concrete versus abstract.

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