Formal equality of opportunity alone does not correct the legacy of structural disadvantage, as most superior positions continue to go to whites even after formal equality is proclaimed.
Structural disadvantage(as used in discussions of inequality and social justice)
When systems, institutions, and historical patterns create unfair obstacles for certain groups—not because of individual prejudice, but because of how society is built and organized.
Consider a stylized example. Suppose that in the U.S., whites have enjoyed superior social status, enforced by law and social custom, for decades, going back to times in which blacks were enslaved. Now whites on the average have greater wealth and education and blacks have less. Suppose that formal equality of opportunity is now proclaimed as the law of the land and embraced by popular morality. Still, most superior positions in society continue to go to whites. In this context a variety of meas