Foster's objection demonstrates that a Davidsonian T-theory requires supplementation with meaning-theoretic knowledge to connect truth conditions to understanding, reintroducing unexplained semantic primitives.
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Supplementation(Referenced as a formal mereological axiom supporting the argument against co-constitution counterexamples)
A mereological principle (P.4) stating that if one entity has a proper part, there exists another part disjoint from it.
T-theory(as a theory of language and meaning)
A short way of saying 'truth-conditional theory'—the idea that the meaning of a sentence is determined by the conditions that would make it true.
Truth conditions(used to describe how we determine whether a thought accurately represents reality)
The specific circumstances or facts that would make a statement true or false—what has to be the case for a thought to be correct.
Unexplained semantic primitives(as a flaw the objection identifies)
The problem of having basic meaning-units in your theory that you can't justify or explain—like assuming something just 'means' something without showing why.
knowledge(Distinguished from mere true belief, which may be the product of indoctrination and need not exercise deliberative capacities.)
Justified true belief — true belief that has been arrived at through the exercise of deliberative capacities, including comparison of and deliberation among alternatives.
understanding(Medical informed consent theory)
A mental element required for consent capacity, ranging from basic comprehension and knowledge of facts (minimal interpretation) to higher cognitive standards; its precise meaning is contested