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Inverse View
It is not the case that Frankfurt's hierarchical account shows freedom consists in the alignment of first- and second-order desires, not in an uncaused faculty of will.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
The regress problem: Frankfurt's second-order desires require third-order alignment, generating infinite regress without resolution.
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2.
Alignment alone cannot guarantee freedom if both levels are themselves determined by prior causes beyond the agent's control.
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3.
Compatibilism conflates the ability to act on one's desires with freedom to have desired desires, leaving coercion cases unclear.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Empirically, free agents exhibit hierarchical preference structures where they endorse their desires at a reflective level.
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2.
Positing an uncaused libertarian will creates explanatory gaps and contradicts causal closure in physical science.
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3.
Alignment between desires and reflective endorsement intuitively captures what we mean by authentic agency and responsibility.
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