Frankfurt's device cases are metaphysically incoherent: a counterfactual intervener that monitors and perfectly predicts decisions seems to require backwards causation or violations of determinism.

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Device cases(philosophical thought experiments): Imaginary scenarios or thought experiments that philosophers create to test ideas. Frankfurt's device cases imagine a situation where someone is monitoring your decisions to see if you'll do the right thing.
Frankfurt: Frankfurt most commonly refers to **Frankfurt am Main**, a major city in Germany known as a global financial hub, home to the European Central Bank and many international banks. It's also famous for its historic architecture, museums, and its role as one of Europe's most important transportation and business centers. The name can also refer to **Harry Frankfurt**, an influential American philosopher known for his work on free will, moral responsibility, and human motivation—particularly his concept of "caring about what we care about."
backwards causation(Philosophy of causation and free will): The logical possibility of causally affecting the past, which the author distinguishes from what is within human power
counterfactual intervener(The role Black plays in the Frankfurt-style thought experiment)

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