Frege's distinction between sense and reference shows that co-referential terms can differ in cognitive significance, so 'himself' and 'I' cannot be intersubstitutable without loss.

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Cognitive significance(The standard being used to judge whether Collingwood's theory is legitimate): The quality of having meaningful content that tells us something real about the world or our thinking—basically, whether a statement actually *means* something.
Frege(as a major historical figure in philosophy): Gottlob Frege (1848-1925) was a German logician and philosopher who founded modern logic and did groundbreaking work on how language relates to meaning and existence.
co-referential terms(as the type of terms Frege's puzzle focuses on): Two different words or names that point to or mean the same object or thing in reality.
intersubstitutable(as describing whether terms can be exchanged freely): Able to be swapped for each other without changing anything important; when you can replace one thing with another and get the same result.
sense and reference(as Frege's key distinction about how words have meaning): Two different aspects of meaning: the 'reference' is what a word points to in the real world (like how 'the Morning Star' refers to Venus), while the 'sense' is the specific way or description we use to think about that thing (how we conceive of it).

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