Frege's original distinction between sense and reference already handles informativeness asymmetry without requiring a novel synonymy criterion beyond what intensional logic provides.

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Frege(as a major historical figure in philosophy): Gottlob Frege (1848-1925) was a German logician and philosopher who founded modern logic and did groundbreaking work on how language relates to meaning and existence.
informativeness asymmetry(a problem in philosophy of language about why some statements with identical meanings can still surprise us): The puzzle that two names or descriptions can refer to the same thing in the world but feel like they give you different information—like learning that 'Superman is Clark Kent' teaches you something new even though both names refer to the same person.
intensional logic(Montague 1973): A formal language introduced by Montague to represent operations over possible worlds and moments of time in a more perspicuous way than natural language descriptions.
sense and reference(as Frege's key distinction about how words have meaning): Two different aspects of meaning: the 'reference' is what a word points to in the real world (like how 'the Morning Star' refers to Venus), while the 'sense' is the specific way or description we use to think about that thing (how we conceive of it).

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