General Relativity can be formulated in background-independent terms where the metric is fixed by boundary conditions, as in certain Machian relational interpretations advocated by Julian Barbour.

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Background-independent(describing how General Relativity can be formulated): A way of describing physics where the space and time that things happen in are not fixed beforehand, but instead emerge from the relationships between objects themselves.
Boundary conditions(the particular circumstances or setup that influences which outcome happens): The specific constraints, limits, or starting assumptions that define the edges or limits of a situation.
General relativity(as used in physics): Einstein's theory explaining how gravity works by describing space and time as flexible, bendable things affected by massive objects like stars and planets.
Julian Barbour(the thinker who advocates for this interpretation): A theoretical physicist and philosopher who argues that time and space as we experience them aren't fundamental to the universe, but emerge from relationships between physical objects.

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