Gibson's direct pick-up theory explicitly accommodates error through misresonance: the perceptual system attuned to affordances can be ecologically miscalibrated without positing any representational intermediary.

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Affordances(what the perceptual system attunes to in Gibson's theory): The qualities of objects that tell us what we can do with them—like how a chair 'affords' sitting or a handle 'affords' grabbing.
Direct pick-up theory(Gibson's main theory of perception): The idea that we perceive things in the world directly, rather than creating mental copies or representations of them in our minds.
Ecologically miscalibrated(how Gibson explains perceptual errors): When our senses become tuned to the wrong patterns in our environment, causing us to misperceive things (like thinking a stick in water is bent when it's actually straight).
Gibson(the theory being discussed is his): James J. Gibson was a psychologist who studied how we perceive the world directly through our senses, without needing our brain to interpret hidden mental images.

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