Gupta (1993) demonstrated that the Equivalence Schema generates paradoxes under unrestricted application, forcing deflationists to impose restrictions that themselves presuppose a substantive truth theory.
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Substantive truth theory(as what the restrictions end up requiring despite deflationists' simpler approach)
A detailed, complex theory that explains what truth really is and how it works at a deep level, going beyond just saying 'truth means matching reality.'
Unrestricted application(as the problem with the Equivalence Schema)
Using a rule or principle everywhere without limits or exceptions, allowing it to apply to every possible case.
restrictions(Derived from what we owe to others)
Deontological constraints that make it wrong to harm non-consenting others even for the greater good