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    Henkin semantics permits non-standard comprehension axiom... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Internal categoricity provides a bridge between full semantics and Henkin semantics, showing that full semantics does not monopolize categoricity.

    Henkin semantics permits non-standard comprehension axioms, meaning 'categoricity' within Henkin models tracks structural properties relative to those axiom schemes, not an absolute notion.

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    Key Terms

    Axiom schemes(mathematical logic and formal systems)
    Families of logical rules that follow a repeating pattern—like having not just one rule, but an infinite list of similar rules.
    Comprehension axioms(set theory and mathematical logic)
    Rules in logic that let you create a set by describing what things belong in it (like saying 'the set of all even numbers').
    Henkin models(Completeness Theorem for second-order logic)
    Models for second-order logic in which the second-order quantifiers range over some, but not necessarily all, subsets of the domain; full Henkin models are those where all subsets are included
    Henkin semantics(as used in mathematical logic)
    A way of interpreting logical languages (created by logician Leon Henkin) that uses a more limited set of possible interpretations than the standard approach, making the logic less powerful but more practical.

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    Non-standard(in logic and mathematics)
    Something that doesn't match the usual or expected interpretation—in this context, a number-like object that behaves differently than ordinary natural numbers do.
    categoricity(Joyce's term for the inescapable practical force of moral demands)
    The property of moral requirements whereby they apply to agents unconditionally, regardless of the agent's contingent desires, goals, or interests
    structural properties(Maxwell's distinction used to rebut Kripke's challenge to the mind-brain identity theory)
    Properties of brain events that are revealed by common sense, physics, and neurophysiology, as opposed to underlying non-structural (qualitative/phenomenal) properties

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    Proof of definition segments1 linkedTruth & Knowledge1 linked

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    Internal categoricity provides a bridge between full semantics and Henkin semant...

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