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    Hierarchical alignment between desires tells us nothing a... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Frankfurt's hierarchical mesh theory grounds guidance control in the structural relationship between first- and second-order desires, not in reasons-responsiveness.

    Hierarchical alignment between desires tells us nothing about whether an agent *should* have those desires, making guidance control normatively hollow without reasons-responsiveness.

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    Key Terms

    Hierarchical alignment between desires(as used in philosophy of action and ethics)
    When your desires organize themselves in levels—like wanting to want something, or your deeper values supporting your surface-level goals. For example, wanting to exercise because you value health, not just because you want ice cream.
    agent(Economics terminology applied to medical ethics)
    The party in a principal-agent relationship who is instructed to produce the good or service on the principal's behalf — in the medical context, the doctor
    guidance control(Fischer's distinction, invoked by Frankfurt)
    The form of control concerning what an agent does do and her actual basis for doing it; the freedom pertinent to moral responsibility on Frankfurt's view.
    normative(in ethics and philosophy)
    Relating to how things should be or what people ought to do, rather than just describing how things actually are.

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    reasons-responsiveness(Epicurean philosophy of mind)
    The capacity to respond to reasons, which allows humans to control their own development, unlike other animals.

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