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    Higher-order evidence that a competent evaluator found fi... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→The fact that a competent evaluator finds first-order evidence to support God's existence is itself evidence that God exists.

    Higher-order evidence that a competent evaluator found first-order evidence is epistemically defeated by the equal existence of competent evaluators who find the same first-order evidence to disconfirm God's existence.

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    Key Terms

    Competent evaluator(as used in epistemology and philosophy of religion)
    A person who has the knowledge, skills, and judgment needed to correctly assess and interpret evidence on a particular topic.
    Disconfirm(as used in epistemology and philosophy of science)
    To provide evidence against something; to show that a claim or belief is probably false.
    Epistemically defeated(as used in epistemology)
    When a good reason you have for believing something gets weakened or cancelled out by an even stronger reason not to believe it.
    epistemology(Contrasted with purely descriptive scientific inquiry)
    A normative enterprise that tells us how we ought to reason from evidence and how we ought to justify our beliefs, as distinct from merely describing how we do reason or justify beliefs

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    first-order evidence(Contrasted with higher-order evidence in the disagreement literature)
    Evidence that directly bears on the truth of the proposition under dispute, as distinguished from higher-order evidence about one's own epistemic situation
    higher-order evidence(The hypoxia case is offered as a concrete development of this concept)
    Evidence that bears not on the first-order question at issue but on whether one's own reasoning or evidence-assessment is reliable or has been correctly performed

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    Truth & Knowledge1 linkedNatural Theology1 linked

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    The fact that a competent evaluator finds first-order evidence to support God's ...

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