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    Hinge propositions cannot transmit justification to what ... — Carmelics
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    Supports→The proposition that one has hands cannot itself serve as evidence for the proposition that one is not a handless brain in a vat

    Hinge propositions cannot transmit justification to what they presuppose because their epistemic role is foundational rather than inferential, making evidential transmission structurally impossible.

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    Key Terms

    Epistemic role(in epistemology (the study of knowledge))
    The function something plays in how we know things or think about knowledge—basically, how it helps us understand or believe things.
    Evidential transmission(epistemology)
    The process of passing reasons or evidence from one statement to another through logical reasoning.
    Foundational(as the opposite of what cross-individual coordination is claimed to be)
    Serving as a basic starting point or fundamental building block from which other things are derived or built upon.
    Hinge propositions(the role these beliefs play in our knowledge system)
    Fundamental beliefs that act like the 'hinge' of a door—they're so basic that we rely on them to evaluate everything else, and we can't really justify them without circular reasoning.

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    Presuppose(what both foundationalisms supposedly do)
    To assume or take for granted something as true in order to make an argument work, without proving it first.
    Transmit justification(as used in epistemology)
    When one person's good reason for believing something can give another person a good reason to believe it too, even if they didn't experience it firsthand.
    inferential(describing the reasoning process used in philosophy)
    Related to inference—the process of drawing conclusions based on evidence or reasons rather than direct observation.

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    The proposition that one has hands cannot itself serve as evidence for the propo...

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