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It is not the case that Hume's Dialogues Part IX argues that whatever can be conceived as existing can be conceived as not existing, which directly targets modal necessity claims.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
Conceivability is a poor guide to possibility: we can fail to conceive of necessary truths (like mathematical proofs) without making them contingent.
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2.
Hume conflates psychological conceivability with metaphysical possibility, ignoring that imagination has limits independent of modal facts.
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3.
Logical and mathematical necessities (e.g., contradictions being impossible) seem to escape Hume's principle without absurd consequences.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Conceivability and possibility are epistemically linked: if something is genuinely inconceivable, we have reason to doubt its metaphysical possibility.
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2.
Hume's principle challenges rationalist claims that necessity is knowable a priori through reason alone, requiring empirical grounding instead.
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3.
The principle successfully undermines essentialist arguments that treat certain properties as necessarily inhering in objects by nature.
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