- Hume(as the main philosopher discussed in this statement)
- David Hume was an 18th-century Scottish philosopher who argued that human knowledge comes from experience and observation rather than pure reasoning alone.
- Natural sympathy(as distinguished from moral virtue in ethics)
- The automatic emotional response you have when you see someone suffering—like feeling sad when a friend is hurt, or happy when they succeed.
- Passion(as what the statement says shouldn't be confused with rational response)
- In philosophy, an emotional response or desire that happens to you automatically, without your rational control—like sudden anger or fear.
- Universal benevolence(as the ideal moral goal that Hume argues sympathy cannot reliably achieve)
- A desire to help and show kindness toward all human beings equally, without favoring some over others.
- habituation(Used in the habituation phase of the Baillargeon et al. 1985 screen-rotation experiment)
- The process by which an infant's looking time decreases as a stimulus becomes familiar and no longer novel.
- moral virtue(Nicomachean Ethics 1107a1)
- A disposition to choose actions lying in the mean relative to the agent, determined by reason; it belongs to the part of the soul that can obey reason rather than the part that reasons itself.
- partiality(Contrasted with impartiality, which morality is often thought to demand)
- Giving preferential treatment or weight to the interests of persons with whom one stands in a special relationship, such as friendship or parenthood