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Inverse View
It is not the case that Hume's evidential framework allows miracles to be assessed empirically as violations of established natural law, without presupposing modal necessity.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
Hume's argument implicitly assumes natural laws express necessity—that uniform experience grounds rational impossibility of violations, which *is* modal.
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2.
The claim that 'strongest testimony' could outweigh law-violation contradicts Hume's own conclusion that miracles are maximally improbable by definition.
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3.
Empirical assessment requires prior probability estimates, but assigning vanishing probability to miracles presupposes necessity, not mere regularities.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Hume's empirical approach treats miracles as contingent events knowable through evidence, avoiding metaphysical commitments about modal logic.
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2.
Natural laws describe regularities of experience, not metaphysical necessities, making violations intelligible as empirical departures from patterns.
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3.
Assessing miracles through testimony and prior probability requires no modal framework—only comparative evidential strength against background patterns.
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